Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Background. Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease, where multiple bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis,\nPrevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum are implicated. The main purpose of researching natural products is\nto find substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. Aim. The objective of this work was to determine antimicrobial\nactivity from extracts and obtained fractions from Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F.\nnucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC 25611. Methods. Total ethanol extracts were obtained from both plants.\nFractions were obtained from total ethanol extracts with amberlite as a stationary phase employing hexane, acetone, and ethanolwater\nas solvents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was performed on total ethanol extracts from both\nplants. Antimicrobial activity from total ethanol extracts and fractions from both plants were evaluated on P. gingivalis ATCC\n33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC by the well diffusion method with Wilkinsâ??Chalgren agar. Results.\nPiper marginatum Jacq total ethanol extract presented antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria, whereas Ilex guayusa Loes\nwas only efficient against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611, with inhibition halos from 9.3 to 30 mm. Ilex\nguayusa Loes obtained fractions presented antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms evaluated, with inhibition halos\nranging from 9.7 to 18.7 mm. In regards to Piper marginatum Jacq fractions, inhibition halos were between 8.3 and 19 mm, against\nall three microorganisms evaluated; only hexane fraction did not present antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586.\nConclusion. Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes total ethanol extracts and fractions presented outstanding antimicrobial\nactivity against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, P. intermedia ATCC 25611, and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586....
Background. Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate\ntherapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this\nstudy aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized\nTeaching Hospital. Methods. A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized\nHospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected\nfrom hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods.\nAntimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirbyâ??Bauer disc diffusion method. Results.\nTotally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and\nStaphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%)\nof the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia\ncoli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus,\nwhich accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively.\nAmong the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were\nresistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion. Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin\n(ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating asmore than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs.Moreover,\nthese strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful.\nTherefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility\ntests....
Background. Nosocomial infections occur among patients during their stay in hospitals. The severity of infection depends on the\ncharacteristics of microorganisms with a high risk of being acquired when the environment is contaminated. Antibiotic-resistant\nbacteria are emerging rapidly around the globe creating a serious threat. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from\nDecember 2016â??February 2017 at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected from the\nequipment and hospital surfaces. The isolated bacteria were checked for susceptibility by the Kirbyâ??Bauer disc diffusion method\nfollowing the standards of CLSI 2014. Health professionals and sanitary team members were included in the study which assessed\nthe disinfection practice of objects from which samples were taken. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of\n201 swab samples were taken, and most bacteria were recovered from thermometer and floor consisting of 21.6% S. aureus, 19.3%\nCoNS, 15.9% E. coli, 14.8% Klebsiella species, 11.4% P. aeruginosa, 10.2% Proteus species, and 6.8% Serratia species. The most\nmultidrug resistant organisms were S. aureus (79%), Klebsiella species (53.8%), CoNS (47%), and Proteus species (44.4%). Only\n6.45% of health professionals disinfect their stethoscope consistently. Conclusion. S. aureus, CoNS, and E. coli were the predominant\nisolates. Most isolates showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and least to ampicillin and penicillin. There is no\nregular sanitation and disinfection of hospital equipment and surfaces....
Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are the major teat skin bacteria and lead to\nsevere bovine mastitis. Teat antiseptic is an important tool for controlling intramammary infection.\nThe antibacterial activity of lactic acid (LA) against one reference strain of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and\ntwo field strains including S. aureus and S. epidermidis was investigated using the broth microdilution\nmethod. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)\nwere 0.5% for strains belonging to both species. An antiseptic preparation containing 5% LA with\nmodified rice gel (LA-RG) was successfully prepared. Rheological behavior of LA-RG was found to\nbe a pseudoplastic flow with thixotropy with viscosity of approximately 0.007 Pas. LA-RG exhibited\na sufficient adhesive property in the rolling ball test with a length of 9.67 ± 0.04 cm. Killing kinetic\nstudies of LA-RG showed that the killing rate of LA-RG was significantly faster than that of LA.\nAfter 32 min of exposure to LA-RG, approximately 86% and 60% of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were\nreduced, respectively. Abnormal bacterial cell surface after exposure to LA-RG was observed by\nscanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that LA-RG is a promising preparation as an alternative\nproduct for preventing mastitis in dairy cattle...
Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of doripenem and amikacin against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and\nKlebsiella pneumoniae was done by classifying them into four groups: doripenem and amikacin sensitive (DOR-S/AMK-S),\ndoripenem sensitive and amikacin resistant (DOR-S/AMK-R), doripenem resistant and amikacin sensitive (DOR-R/AMK-S), and\nboth doripenem and amikacin resistant (DOR-R/AMK-R). The MIC of each antibiotic and their combination was obtained using\nthe Etest method. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated to classify the results as synergistic, additive,\nindifferent, or antagonistic interaction. In the DOR-S/AMK-S class, 1 isolate of A. baumannii showed synergy and the other 5\nshowed additive results, 5 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed additive and 1 isolate showed indifferent result, and 2 isolates of\nK. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 4 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-S/AMK-R class, 3 isolates of A. baumannii\nshowed additive and the other 3 showed indifferent results, 2 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed indifferent results, and 1 isolate of\nK. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-R/AMK-S class, 1 isolate of A. baumannii\nshowed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results, 1 isolate of P. aeruginosa showed additive and the other 5 showed\nindifferent results, and 4 isolates of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 2 showed indifferent results. In the DORR/\nAMK-R class, 6 isolates of A. baumannii showed indifferent results, 1 isolate of P. aeruginosa showed additive and the other 5\nshowed indifferent results, and 1 isolate of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 5 showed indifferent results. Synergy\noccurred in only 1 (1.5%) isolate. Additive interaction occurred in 24 (35.3%) isolates, and indifferent interaction occurred in 43\n(63.2%) isolates. Doripenem sensitive combined with amikacin sensitive reduced MIC significantly in all bacterial isolates when\ncompared to single MIC of each antibiotic....
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